Atomic absorption spectrometry (flame, graphite furnace, cold vapour, hydride generation)

Elemental impurities and assay determination of elements (e.g. Na, K, Fe), quantitative and limit test

Therapeutic Modalities:

Biologics, Cell & Gene Therapies, Small Molecules

Development Phases:

Research, Preclinical, Early-phase Clinical, Late-Phase Clinical, Commercial

Quality Standard:

GMP and non-GMP (ISO 9001:2015)

Pharmacopoeia:

Ph. Eur. 2.2.22 / 2.2.23, USP <852>, Ph. Eur. 2.4.20, USP <233>